General Introduction to Group 13 Elements
Covers electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, and trends in chemical reactivity for Group 13 elements.
What is General Introduction to Group 13 Elements?
The reluctance of the two s-electrons in the valence shell of heavier p-block elements to participate in bonding, leading to a lower oxidation state (n-2) being favoured over the expected (n).
Key points
- Identify the elements belonging to Group 13.
- Describe the general electronic configuration of Group 13 elements.
- Explain the trends in atomic radius, ionization enthalpy, and electronegativity down the group.
- Discuss the common and other possible oxidation states of Group 13 elements.
Common exam trap
Forgetting the anomaly in atomic radii between Al and Ga.
Definitions
- Term
Inert Pair Effect
- Meaning
The reluctance of the two s-electrons in the valence shell of heavier p-block elements to participate in bonding, leading to a lower oxidation state (n-2) being favoured over the expected (n).
Learning objectives
Identify the elements belonging to Group 13.
Describe the general electronic configuration of Group 13 elements.
Explain the trends in atomic radius, ionization enthalpy, and electronegativity down the group.
Discuss the common and other possible oxidation states of Group 13 elements.
Differentiate between the metallic and non-metallic character within the group.
Prerequisites
Basic understanding of atomic structure and electronic configuration.
Knowledge of periodic trends (atomic radius, ionization enthalpy, electronegativity).
Familiarity with oxidation states and the concept of inert pair effect.
Common mistakes
Forgetting the anomaly in atomic radii between Al and Ga.
Confusing the trend in ionization enthalpy for Ga compared to Al.
Assuming all Group 13 elements exclusively exhibit a +3 oxidation state.
Keywords
Group 13
Boron Group
Electronic Configuration
Atomic Radius
Ionization Enthalpy
Electronegativity
Oxidation State
Inert Pair Effect
Metalloid
Metal
Practice preview
Which of the following is the correct electronic configuration of Boron (atomic number 5)?…
easy
Which of the following statements about the chemical reactivity of Group 13 elements is INCORRECT?…
medium
What is the common oxidation state of most Group 13 elements?…
easy