Hormones of Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract
ANF, erythropoietin, gastrin, secretin, CCK and GIP. (Biology › Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET UG syllabus.)
What is Hormones of Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract?
A peptide hormone secreted by the atrial wall of the heart that decreases blood pressure by promoting vasodilation and sodium/water excretion.
Key points
- Identify the hormones produced by the heart, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract.
- Describe the origin, chemical nature, and target organs of each hormone.
- Explain the physiological functions of ANF, erythropoietin, gastrin, secretin, CCK, and GIP.
- Relate the actions of these hormones to the maintenance of overall body homeostasis.
Common exam trap
Confusing ANF's action (lowers BP) with hormones that raise BP (e.g., ADH, Aldosterone).
Definitions
- Term
Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)
- Meaning
A peptide hormone secreted by the atrial wall of the heart that decreases blood pressure by promoting vasodilation and sodium/water excretion.
- Term
Erythropoietin
- Meaning
A glycoprotein hormone secreted primarily by the kidney in response to hypoxia, which stimulates the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow.
- Term
Gastrin
- Meaning
A peptide hormone secreted by the G-cells of the gastric mucosa that stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen by the stomach.
- Term
Secretin
- Meaning
A peptide hormone secreted by the duodenal mucosa in response to acidic chyme, which stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions and the liver to secrete bile.
- Term
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- Meaning
A peptide hormone secreted by the duodenal mucosa in response to fats and proteins in chyme, which stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and contraction of the gallbladder.
- Term
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP)
- Meaning
A peptide hormone secreted by the duodenal mucosa that inhibits gastric secretion and motility, and also stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas.
- Term
Erythropoiesis
- Meaning
The process of red blood cell formation, primarily occurring in the bone marrow.
- Term
Hypoxia
- Meaning
A condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply.
Learning objectives
Identify the hormones produced by the heart, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract.
Describe the origin, chemical nature, and target organs of each hormone.
Explain the physiological functions of ANF, erythropoietin, gastrin, secretin, CCK, and GIP.
Relate the actions of these hormones to the maintenance of overall body homeostasis.
Prerequisites
Basic understanding of the endocrine system and hormonal action.
Knowledge of the structure and basic functions of the heart, kidney, and digestive system.
Familiarity with blood pressure regulation and blood cell formation.
Common mistakes
Confusing ANF's action (lowers BP) with hormones that raise BP (e.g., ADH, Aldosterone).
Misremembering the primary stimulus for erythropoietin release as low blood volume instead of hypoxia.
Mixing up the specific functions of Secretin (bicarbonate, bile) and CCK (enzymes, gallbladder contraction).
Forgetting GIP's dual role: inhibiting gastric activity AND stimulating insulin release.
Keywords
ANF
Erythropoietin
Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin
CCK
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
GIP
Hormones
Heart
Kidney
Gastrointestinal Tract
Endocrine
Homeostasis
Blood Pressure
Erythropoiesis
Digestion
Practice preview
A hormone secreted by the small intestine is known to inhibit gastric acid secretion and motility. Additionally, it plays a crucial role in enhancing insulin release from the pancreas specifically in response to the pres…
hard
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the atrial wall of the heart?…
easy
Cholecystokinin (CCK) performs which of the following dual functions in the digestive system?…
medium